A significant proportion of expected growth over the coming decades is expected to take place in fragile and conflict-affected urban areas. By 2050, 56 percent of the global population in fragile and conflict-affected states will be living in cities, an increase of more than 20 percent compared to 2000. More so, in the past 40 years, the urban population in lower income and fragile countries has increased by a staggering 326 percent.
Fragile cities also struggle to provide adequate security and protection for its inhabitants, particularly for women, urban poor, migrant communities and other marginalized groups. Such groups are often disproportionately affected by conflict, displacement and urban violence, while marginalization is frequently cited as a driver of conflict and violence.
Rapid population growth, along with complex institutional and governance arrangements, makes urban infrastructure investment a formidable challenge. There is a dearth of public investment, as municipal governments lack the capacity and capital (from a low tax base) required for strategic planning of major infrastructure investment.
Private sector investment is also prohibitively risky in fragile urban areas, due to the weakness of rule of law, an insufficient regulatory framework and the presence of political instability threatening long-term sunk costs. Conflict further perpetuates factors inhibiting long-term investment ‘” destroying existing infrastructure, undermining macroeconomic stability, distorting labor markets and promoting rent-seeking behavior.
The limited ability to plan, procure and finance sustainable urban services has knock-on effects for overall progress toward sustainable development. It’ s also challenging for donors and development partners, who as a result of immediate conflict, prioritize shorter term humanitarian assistance and basic services provision over longer term resilience and disaster-risk planning. Yet, capacity development of institutions in fragile environments is essential to building legitimate governance and social resilience, and to avoid perpetuating weakened capacity when nonstate actors are providing urban services in lieu.
Pathways to a ‘˜smart city’ for fragile urban areas
We need to test new “conflict sensitive’ approaches to developing smart cities that can tackle the unique and compounding challenges described above. Ultimately, for a city to be able to anticipate, endure and rebound from crisis situations ‘” whether environmental, political or social ‘” we’ ll need to build stronger institutions at the municipal level and support the participative development of long-term urban and spatial plans that are flexible and adaptable to rapidly changing contexts. In our urban strategies, we need to emphasize the physical and social resilience of infrastructure, while also derisking long-term investments required to realize inclusive and better managed urban services.
This presents an opportunity to shift the focus from humanitarian response to long-term sustainable development, which can support stability in fragile areas. The World Humanitarian Summit, held last year in Istanbul, Turkey, espoused this through the commitment to transcend the humanitarian-development divide to deliver coherent and complementary assistance.
The private sector has an equally important role to play, although attracting private partners to commit to projects in risky and challenging locations is not easy. It will require paying careful attention to identifying and implementing strategies to manage, mitigate and share risk, and create new financing instruments.
Additionally, bottom-up, community-driven approaches, such as Shack/Slum Dwellers International, have been successful in collectively negotiating with municipal authorities for improved infrastructure services in fragile areas and improved municipal governance processes. These types of community-based initiatives should be tested and adapted to different urban areas.
While the New Urban Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals have set the global agenda for sustainable cities over the coming years, we haven’ t narrowed our focus on the critical need for tailored “smart city’ approaches in fragile areas such as northern Nigeria. Given the growing importance of urban areas within conflict-affected areas across the globe, now more than ever we need to develop a clear, sustainable urban pathway. This is urgently required if we want to realistically move from commitment to action in creating more efficient, resilient and “smart’ cities.
Read the original article from Talia Smith of DEVEX here.