Probably the most influential concept in the field of innovative environments, the Regional Innovation System is conceived as a set of institutions, including clusters, universities, R&D centres, technology transfer organisations, financial and knowledge dissemination agencies, which work together and play the major role in influencing the innovative performance of companies.
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Intelligent Cities – Smart Cities – Innovation Ecosystems
Technology Parks (a term covering also Science Parks, Research Parks, and Innovation Centers) offer the simplest way to plan innovative clusters. There are many definitions of Technology Parks, but most agree on the presence of some main components (see the Diagram).
The concept of technology platforms refers to a cooperative approach for the development and implementation of selected technologies. Key objective of TPs is uniting stakeholders around a common vision and approach for the development of the technologies concerned.
.. [are] ‘those innovations that generate market and/or technological discontinuities. These kinds of innovations affect the abilities of incumbent firms to successfully adapt and respond, as well as to sustain their prior market and technological positions. The literature generally categorises discontinuous innovation as either radical or architectural in nature.
These crucial relationships between research effort and innovation performance may be analysed by an input-output linear model developed by Griliches (1979, 1984). Input is the new technological knowledge generated by R&D in industries and universities and output is the patented innovations. The model is
The purpose of the Guide is to give Innovators some basic advice on how and when to use the Industrial Property System (patents, trade marks and industrial designs) to optimum effect in the exploitation of their innovations. It covers IPR practice in five countries: UK, France, Iceland, Sweden, and Czech Republic.
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