Interactions taking place on digital space complement the creative processes that occur into communities and institutional systems of innovation. A series of IT applications, solutions, and digital tools may be used to sustain innovation through virtual interaction and communication.
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Intelligent Cities – Smart Cities – Innovation Ecosystems
On August 22, 2005, the Intelligent Community Forum (ICF) will begin accepting nominations for its annual Top Seven Intelligent Communities of the Year listing. The Intelligent Community Forum has been presenting its Top Seven list since 2000. Once again, the 2006 Top Seven will be announced
Probably the most influential concept in the field of innovative environments, the Regional Innovation System is conceived as a set of institutions, including clusters, universities, R&D centres, technology transfer organisations, financial and knowledge dissemination agencies, which work together and play the major role in influencing the innovative performance of companies.
Technology Parks (a term covering also Science Parks, Research Parks, and Innovation Centers) offer the simplest way to plan innovative clusters. There are many definitions of Technology Parks, but most agree on the presence of some main components (see the Diagram).
The concept of technology platforms refers to a cooperative approach for the development and implementation of selected technologies. Key objective of TPs is uniting stakeholders around a common vision and approach for the development of the technologies concerned.
.. [are] ‘those innovations that generate market and/or technological discontinuities. These kinds of innovations affect the abilities of incumbent firms to successfully adapt and respond, as well as to sustain their prior market and technological positions. The literature generally categorises discontinuous innovation as either radical or architectural in nature.
These crucial relationships between research effort and innovation performance may be analysed by an input-output linear model developed by Griliches (1979, 1984). Input is the new technological knowledge generated by R&D in industries and universities and output is the patented innovations. The model is