This paper investigates a different direction in smart city design and efficiency, based on lessons learned from high impact smart city projects and ecosystems. The authors focus on ‘˜Connected Intelligence Spaces’ created in smart city ecosystems, which (a) have physical, social, and digital dimensions; (b) work as systems of innovation enabling synergies between human, machine, and collective intelligence; and (c) improve efficiency and performance by innovating rather than optimizing city routines. Continue reading →